Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino acid thymic peptide that activates TLR2/TLR9 on dendritic cells. Over 40 years of published immunology data — the most extensively characterized immune-modulating peptide in research.

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide with N-terminal acetylation, originally isolated by Goldstein and colleagues from Thymosin Fraction 5 (TF5), a partially purified bovine thymus extract. Tα1 was the first pure peptide isolated from TF5 and has since become the single most extensively characterized immune-modulating peptide in biomedical research, with over four decades of published literature encompassing thousands of citations.

The immunological mechanism of Tα1 has been progressively elucidated over decades of research. The peptide activates dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages through toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR9, triggering MyD88-dependent NF-κB and IRF7 signaling. This activates a cascade of immune responses: enhanced antigen processing and MHC class I/II expression on DCs, promotion of DC maturation (upregulation of CD80, CD86, CD40 costimulatory molecules), increased IL-12 and type I interferon production driving Th1 polarization, enhanced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell priming, natural killer cell activation, and restoration of immune competence in immunocompromised research models. Tα1 also promotes T-cell differentiation from immature thymocytes by inducing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) expression, directly supporting thymopoiesis.

Research applications span viral immunology (hepatitis B and C, HIV, influenza, CMV research models), tumor immunology (dendritic cell vaccine adjuvant studies, combination immunotherapy research), transplant immunology, vaccine adjuvant development, immune reconstitution following chemotherapy or radiation, and immunosenescence research. The peptide’s ability to restore immune function in immunocompromised models without causing hyperstimulation or autoimmune activation is a distinguishing feature that has generated sustained research interest.

Supplied as a lyophilized powder with ≥99% purity. Store at -20°C desiccated. For immunology research only.

Product Specifications

Certificate of Analysis

Every batch ships with a Janoshik-verified COA covering HPLC purity, mass spectrometry confirmation, and batch traceability.

Shipping & Lead Times

• US warehouse: ships within 1–2 business days · estimated 3–5 day delivery
• HK warehouse: ships within 2–3 business days · estimated 7–14 day international delivery
• Carriers: DHL Express, FedEx International, UPS Worldwide
• Discreet outer packaging — no peptide branding visible
• Tracking number emailed on dispatch

Lost or Detained Packages

If your shipment is lost or detained by customs, we will reship once free of charge. Contact us with your order number.